نشریه کاربرد شیمی در محیط زیست
پیاپی 35 (تابستان 1397)

Juglans Regia L. contains various chemicals, including tannins, flavonoids, vitamins, plant acids and petroquinone materials. Also, walnut leaves are many years old that are widely used in traditional medicine. One of the most effective ingredients in the walnut leaf is the combination of hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-5 with a chemical formula of C10H6O3 from the family of naphthoquinones. In this research, samples of walnut leaves from Andzeg Meshkinshahr area in the northwest of Iran in 1396 were collected. At first, the acetone solution was degreased by Suckler, and then extracted with the chloroform. The material was extracted by HPLC liquid chromatography (HPLC) apparatus to measure the juglon composition after performing various purification steps. The aim of this research was to investigate the effective factors of walnut leaf water and ethanol extracts on different species of Candida, as well as the antibacterial effect of walnut leaf extract on propionic bacterium acne under laboratory conditions, in order to use the extract in spray, to treat fungal disease (Athlete's toes). In this way, using Broth Microdilution dilution, the antifungal effects of walnut water and ethanol extracts on four species of Candida (Candida albicans, Candida glabra, Candida tropicalis and Candida Cruzei) were tested. . The fungal species tested were exposed to different concentrations of these compounds and the minimum inhibitory concentration of growth (MIC) and subsequently the minimum MFC concentration of each of the extracts were determined separately for the fungi. On the other hand, by providing ethanolic extract of walnut leaves and its antimicrobial effects by diffusion wells, determination (MIC) and (MBC) by tubular dilution method against bacterial acne propiony. In this research, comparison of different methods of extraction of walnut leaves was performed by investigating DPPH and antimicrobial activity, quantitative and qualitative determination of phenolic compounds by HPLC method in the most effective extraction method. According to the results, ethanolic extract of Walnut leaves showed antifungal effect against Candida species. And the aqueous extract of walnut leaves only inhibited its antifungal effects by stopping the growth of the fungus. Also in propionii, ethanolic extract of Walnut leaves was inhibitory in both agar diffusion and macrolide soluble bacterial propionic bacteria. The results showed that ethanolic extract has antimicrobial effect on bacterial actin bacteria, which can be used as an antibacterial agent in the treatment of foreign infections caused by this microorganism.

A new nanocrystalline compound based on Cu(II), MoO3 and 4-CN-py has been synthesized under hydrothermal method. Nanocrystals structure, morphology and Photoluminescence property was studied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) spectra, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA-DTA) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In preparation compound, the influence of the initial reactants type and concentration, pH value, reaction temperature and time on the nanocrystals structure and morphology were investigated. The results show, pH value of starting solution has influence on the size synthetic nanopowders and with increasing pH; the crystals size increases and nanostructures morphology changes. The resulting compound is crystallized in monoclinic phase and its structure includes 4-CN-py spacer groups that bridging between CuMoO4 units in which can make three dimensional networks with 30 nm sizes in neutral pH. The prepared nanocrystals showed intense PL in room temperature with an emission maximum at 448 nm upon excitation at 270 nm.

In this research, N-Formylation of primary heteroaryl amines has efficiently been carried out in excellent yields by using catalytic amount of Zr-MCM-41 nanoreactors in formic acid under solvent-free conditions. The process is remarkably simple, environmentally benign and works well for electron-deficient primary heteroarylamines. The catalyst could be recycled and reused without a noticeably decrease in its activity

The synthesis of quinoxaline compounds using iron (III) phosphate as a catalyst is reported. The studies on the synthesis of new quinoxaline derivatives have been of considerable importance becauses of their interesting chemical as well as biological properties. Quinoxaline derivatives are widely distributed in nature and many of them, such as the antibiotics, levomycin and actinomycin possess very useful biological activity. In addition, a large number of synthetic quinoxalines have also shown antibacterial, fungicidal, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, tranquilizing and antidepresant properties. In this paper, the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives is reported from the reaction of benzyl derivatives or α-hydroxy ketones and 1,2phenylenediamine using FePO4 as a green, none toxic and environmentally catalyst in ethanol under reflux condition.

Several modification methods were applied for hydroxylation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surface In order to preparation of  uniform film on PDMS surface, various methods were compared to eliminate micro-wrinkles from the surface. Variation of  surface chemistry is caused cracking, on surface, This property was correlated with hydroxylation of the PDMS surface. So, it was tried to select the best method for surface treatment with minimized surface micro-wriwnkles and damage. The results obtained from scanning electron microscopy showed that using the pulsed ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) radiation method with a controlled duration time, ozone treatment, continuous UVO treatment using a glass filter, and water media in UVO treatment were effective than other methods evaluated in this study to prevent micro-wrinkles creation. The results obtained from contact angle measurements and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the UVO treatment in the presence of a water media created more hydroxy groups compared to other methods

In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on carbon monoxide-modified (CP) polymer modified molecule (MIP) polymer was designed and used to determination of nickel ions. The nickel benzoate complex, 2- Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2, 2. Azobutyl-isobutylnitrile and ethylene glycol di-methacrylate were used for polymer molecular prepared. Then, a modified carbon electrode was made using polymer prepared for determination of  nickel ions in aqueous sulotion. Some factors such as pH, temperature, percent composition of the imprinted polymer and the electrode have been studied. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response for Ni+2 over a wide concentration range (1.00 × 10-1 – 1.00 × 10-10 M) with a slope of 30/66±0.4 mV per decade. It displays a response time of about 5 s and can be used for a period of 10 weeks with good reproducibility. The detection limit obtained in the optimal conditions was 5.00×10-9 M. It concluded that the electrode can successfully use for potentiometric determination of Ni2+ in some waste water samples.

In this study, The composites based on nano oxide graphene (GO) functionalized with zinc oxide, were prepared for the removal of doxycycline antibiotics. A major concern about pharmaceutical pollution is the presence of antibiotics in water resources through their release into sewers where they cause bacterial resistance and enhanced drug-resistance in human-borne pathogens and growing microbial populations in the environment. Additionally, the adsorption process parameters of pH (3-10), initial concentration of doxycycline (25-100 mg/L), the concentration of nano-adsorbent (GO/ZnO)( 100,150,200 mg / 250 ml solution) and contact time (30-90 min) were investigated. Based on the results, an optimum pH of 8, a contact time of 60 minutes, T = 25 ± 2 °C, [GO-ZnO] = 200 mg / 250 ml and [DOX.] = 50mg/L were the optimum conditions to achieve a doxycycline removal efficiency of 93%. The GO/ZnO may thus be claimed to be highly capable of removing doxycycline from aqueous solutions.